The pin gauges are used to measure the whole distance, the pitch diameter of the thread, etc. Especially, they are suitable for curved groove width measurement.

针规适用于机械加工中孔径、孔距、内螺纹小径的测量,特别适于弯曲槽宽及模具尺寸的测量。

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The wire gauges are a most reliable tool for measuring the pitch diameter of the external thread, the most important dimension of a thread.

量针是一种测量螺纹中径的工具。

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This means that individual engineers and technicians cannot hope to be familiar with all the properties of all types of materials in their numerous forms. All he can do is try to learn some principles to guide him in the selection and processing of materials.

这就意味着工程师和技师不可能期望去熟悉各种各样材料的所有性能,能做的只是去了解一些基本点,以便在材料选择和加工时加以应用。

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These include such characteristics as density (weight); melting point; optical properties (such as transparency, opaquencess, or color); the thermal properties of specific heat, coefficient of thermal expansion, and thermal conductivity; electrical conductivity; and magnetic properties.

这些物理性能包括:密度(重量);熔点;光学性能(如:透性、不透性、颜色等);特定热度、热膨胀系数和导热性等热性能;导电性和磁性。

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The EDM process is valued for its ability to machine complex shapes in metals of any hardness. It is used widely in making injection and compression molds for rubber and plastic molding, molds for die-casting metals, and dies for forging and metal stamping.

EDM工艺的价值在于能够在任何硬度的金属上加工复杂的形状,广泛用来制造橡胶和塑料注塑模和压塑模,以及金属锻压模和冲模。

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It is the purpose of machining by cutting and by erosion to give the workpiece the desired shape and dimensions of necessary accuracy, as well as to ensure that the surface layer of the workpiece has the desired quality. This purpose should be achieved in the most economical way.

切削与腐蚀加工的目的是将工件加工成所需的形状并达到必要精确度的尺寸,同时还要确保工件表面层的质量要求。这一目的还应以最经济的方法去达到。

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In connection with this aim there arises the task of reducing the machining allowances to the limits of a theoretical minimum, determined by the thickness of surface layer damaged by the preceding technological process (e. g. casting crust)and the probable dimensional errors.

为达到这一目的,就必须根据上道工序加工所破坏的表面层的厚度(如铸层)以及可能的尺寸误差,将加工留量减少至理论上的最小范围。

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The widening of machining possibilities requires, on the one hand, the improvement of the machine ability of materials and, on the other hand, the development of new methods of machining and improvement of the existing ones, as well as the optimization of machining conditions.

扩大加工范围指一方面要改进材料的可加工性,另一方面要开发出新的加工方法并对现行方法进行改进,同时还要优化加工条件。

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Blanking, shearing and cutting tools perform their work by some form of "shearing" of cutting action. They include cut-off and shearing dies, blanking dies, piercing, shaving, notching, edging, and trimming tools. The last are applied to the forming of contour by a series of strokes.

落料、冲裁、切断工具都是以某种切断的“剪切”方式进行工作,有切断和冲裁模、落料模及冲孔、精冲、切口、切边、整修等工具,而整修模是通过一系列的冲裁来形成工件的轮廓。

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For example, a manufacturer uses a punch and die with a concave form which is applied to the cutting of circular disks, in a rapidly operated press which cuts a short arc at each stroke, the workpiece being revolved by a step-by-step feeding movement to coincide with the movements of the press slide.

例如,一厂家用一个冲头和一个凹模来冲出圆盘。快速运行的冲压机每冲压一次便切下一小圆弧。工件以步进送料的方式作旋转运动,以配合冲压机滑块的运动。

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