Practice for dosimetry in gamma irradiation facilities for food processing

食品加工中γ辐射线辐射设备剂量测定的实施规程

属类：行业标准名称-国际标准-BS ISO 15554-1999

Micro-organisms are normally found in trace amounts in foods and if not checked they may multiply rapidly. Irradiation acts by reducing the numbers of such micro-organisms.

食物中通常都有痕量微生物,如果不加阻止,它们就会迅速繁殖。辐照就是通过减少这些微生物的数量而起作用的。

属类：化学及生命科学-化学-

The main food component affected by irradiation is water. This is subsequently split into free radicals which then react with a wide range of food components.

水是被辐照影响的主要食品成分,水被辐照后会被裂解为自由基,然后这些自由基会与食品中的大多数组分发生反应。

属类：化学及生命科学-化学-

He found that irradiation of micrococcus and of murine lymphoma cells under anoxia gave fewer singlestrand breaks

他发现,在缺氧时照射小球菌和小鼠琳巴瘤细胞产生的单链断裂较少。

属类：综合句库--

In order to ensure that food is made totally sterile high doses of irradiation would be required.

为了确保食物完全无菌,就需要用高剂量的辐照。

属类：化学及生命科学-化学-

The substances to which vitamins are converted as a result of irradiation or such thermal treatments are generally unknown.

维生素经辐照或这种热处理后究竟变成了一些什么物质通常还是末知的。

属类：化学及生命科学-化学-

We see likewise, the Scripture calleth envy an evil eye; and the astrologers, call the evil influences of the stars, evil aspects; so that still there seemeth to be acknowledged, in the act of envy, an ejaculation or irradiation of the eye

我们同样可以见到,《圣经》中把嫉妒称为“毒眼”,占星术上则把不吉之星力叫作“凶象”,以致世人似乎至今还承认,当嫉妒行为发生时,嫉妒者会眼红或曰红眼。

属类：综合句库--

Among the modern processes for food preservation are refrigeration (including freezing), canning, pasteurization, irradiation , and the addition of chemical preservatives.

现代食品保藏的主要方法有冷冻、罐藏法、巴氏杀菌法、辐射保藏以及添加化学防腐剂和抑制剂等。

属类：行业术语-农业-食品

Biological systems for testing sterilizers and sterilization processes-Part 4 : particular systems for use in irradiation sterilizers.

消毒器试验和消毒方法用生物学系统.第4部分:辐射消毒器用专门系统

属类：行业标准名称-国际标准-NF S98-004-4-2000

Many materials appear to be capable of particle production or stimulation of particle production under irradiation

许多物质在辐射照射下能够产生粒子或激发

属类：综合句库--

PACKAGING MATERIALS AND SYSTEMS FOR MEDICAL DEVICES WHICH ARE TO BE STERILIZED. PART 6 : PAPER FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF PACKS FOR MEDICAL USE FOR STERILIZATION BY ETHYLENE OXIDE OR IRRADIATION . REQUIREMENTS AND TEST METHODS. (EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 868-6).

要消毒的医疗设备用包装材料和系统.第6部分:医疗上用环氧乙烷或辐照消毒用纸袋的生产用纸.要求和试验方法.

属类：行业标准名称-国际标准-NF S98-051-6-1999

a bill that would sidetrack food irradiation in this country(bAlexis Beck)

一份将阻碍该国食品发展的提案(b阿列克塞·贝克)

属类：综合句库--

a bill that would sidetrack food irradiation in this country(Alexis Beck)

一份将阻碍该国食品发展的提案(阿列克塞·贝克)

属类：综合句库--

Some micro-organisms produce substances which cause food to deteriorate. These substances are not readily destroyed by irradiation and some of them are very hazardous to health (e.g. the toxin which causes botulism).

一些微生物会产生一些使食物变质的物质,这些物质不易被辐照所杀灭,其中的一些甚至对健康非常有害(如:可引起腊肠毒素病的毒素)

属类：化学及生命科学-化学-

STERILIZATION OF MEDICAL DEVICES. VALIDATION AND ROUTINE CONTROL OF STERILIZATION BY IRRADIATION . (EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 552).

医疗器械的杀菌.辐射杀菌的确认和常规控制方法.要求

属类：行业标准名称-国际标准-NF S98-103-1994(EN 552)

Sterilization of medical devices-Validation and routine control of sterilization by irradiation .

医疗装置的消毒.通过辐射对消毒的常规控制和检验

属类：行业标准名称-国际标准-NF S98-103/A2-2001

Thus irradiation cannot be used to render safe any food which has already become spoilt by the presence of toxins.

因此,辐照不能使那些由于毒素存在而腐败了的食物变成可安全食用的食物。

属类：化学及生命科学-化学-

Therefore there may be no obvious sign that some irradiated foods have subsequently become unsafe to eat. This is an important aspect of food irradiation and one that requires further investigation.

因此,可能还没有明显的证据表明,一些辐照过的食物随后变得不能安全食用。这是食物辐照科学的一个重要方面,值得进一步研究。

属类：化学及生命科学-化学-

Thus micro-organisms which are normally suppressed by others present in fresh foods may flourish once their competitors have been destroyed by irradiation .

因此,一些在正常情况下被其它存在于新鲜食物中的微生物所抑制的微生物,一旦它们的竞争对手被辐照所消灭,就可能迅速繁殖。

属类：化学及生命科学-化学-

Thus, at the irradiation doses likely to be permitted most irradiated food will not be sterile and will continue to spoil.

因此,在可允许的辐照剂量下,大多数被辐照的食物仍不能被完全灭菌并会继续腐坏。

属类：化学及生命科学-化学-

It should be noted that food irradiation is not the only way in which nutrients such as vitamins B1 and C may be destroyed.

应该注意,辐照食物并不是唯一可能会破坏如维生素B1和C等营养的方法。

属类：化学及生命科学-化学-

Indeed the use of an electron beam or X-rays for irradiation overcomes the need for a radioactive source altogether.

用电子束或X-射线进行辐照确实完全解除了对某种放射源的需要。

属类：化学及生命科学-化学-

They can be generated or detected by piezoelectric transducers (see piezoelectricity). High-power ultrasonics produce distortion in the medium; applications include ultrasonic welding, drilling, irradiation of fluid suspensions (as in wine clarification), cleaning of surfaces (such as jewelry), and disruption of biological structures.

用压电换能器产生和探测超音波振动,高功率超音波的应用有︰超音焊接、超音钻孔、超音辐照流体悬浮物(如澄清葡萄酒)、清洗工件表面(如珠宝)和破坏生物组织。

属类：自然科学-物理-

The type of radiation used for food irradiation is highly penetrating. Direct contamination of the food with radioactive material is not possible because the product is well packaged and held at some distance from the source.

用于食物辐照的放射线具有高度的穿透性。放射性物质对食物的直接污染是不可能的,因为食品是包装好后放在离放射源有一定距离的地方。

属类：化学及生命科学-化学-

The formation of new substances in food as a result of food irradiation has been the subject of research since the 1940s.

由辐照食物所导致的食品中新物质的形成自40年代起就一直是研究的主题。

属类：化学及生命科学-化学-

There are some other types of irradiation being used at present or being developed for future use. Some of these are.. (1)electron beam irradiation; (2)X-ray; (3)Radio waves; (4)Microwaves.

有几种其他类型的辐照技术目前正在使用或正在开发以期将来使用。这些技术中的部分是:(1)电子束辐照;(2)X射线;(3)无线电波;(4)微波。

属类：行业术语-检验检疫-

It-has been proposed that the criterion for efficacy of irradiation as a quarantine treatment should be based on preventing adult emergence or on the inability of the species to perpetuate itself (Burditt, 1991).

有人已经提出衡量辐照作为检疫处理效果的标准应基于阻止成虫羽化或基于害虫种不能延续(Burditt,1991)。

属类：行业术语-检验检疫-

There is probably more information on this matter for irradiation than for any other food preservation method.

与其它的食品保鲜法相比,可能有更多的研究资料是关于辐照保鲜法的。

属类：化学及生命科学-化学-

In the event that an adult did survive a low dose irradiation treatment, it would not be able to produce fertile offspring and the species would not be able to perpetuate itself.

在低剂量处理下存活的成虫,不能产生可育的子代,因而不能使该种得以延续。

属类：行业术语-检验检疫-

The after effect occurs only if the additive is present during irradiation

在辐照过程中只有当添加剂存在时才出现后效应。

属类：综合句库--