They may decompose glucose into hydrogen, carbon dioxide and methane

它们能把葡萄糖分解成氢气、二氧化碳和甲烷。

属类：综合句库--

The main energy producing pathway in the leucocyte is glycolysis, resulting in lactate production from glucose

糖酵解，即从葡萄糖生成乳酸盐，是白细胞产生能量的主要途径。

属类：综合句库--

Glycogen phosphorylase catalyzes the removal of glucose from glycogen. TheΔG’° for this reaction is 3.1 kJ/mol.

糖原磷酸化酶催化肝糖原转化为葡萄糖。这个反应的ΔG’°为3.1kJ/mol。

属类：化学及生命科学-化学-化学习题

The label is then chased through the pathway by the addition of excess unlabeled glucose .The chase effectively prevents any further entry of labeled glucose into the pathway

通过加入过量的未标记的葡萄糖的途径来追踪标记。这种追踪有效地阻止了标记的葡萄糖进入下一步的发酵途径。

属类：化学及生命科学-化学-化学习题

After the heart was perfused with 0.22 mM fluoroacetate, the measured rate of glucose uptake and glycolysis decreased, and glucose 6-phosphate and fructose 6-phosphate accumulated.

往心脏中灌注0.22mM氟乙酸之后，测得葡萄糖生成和分解的速率降低了，并且有6-磷酸葡萄糖和6-磷酸果糖的积聚。

属类：化学及生命科学-化学-化学习题

Sugars (whose names end in-ose)are the simplest carbohydrates. The most common is sucrose, a disaccharide; there are numerous others, including glucose and fructose (both monosaccharides); invert sugar (a 50:50 mixture of glucose and fructose produced by enzyme action on sucrose); and maltose (produced in the malting of barley)and lactose (both disaccharides). Commercial production of sugars is almost entirely for food.

为一类最简单的碳水化合物。最常见者为蔗糖，一种双醣。其它还有许多种，如:葡萄糖和果糖(两者皆为单醣);转化糖(蔗糖经作用后生成的一种葡萄糖和果糖各半的混合体);以及麦芽糖(由大麦发芽而制成)和乳糖(两者为双醣)。商业化生产的糖几乎全部供食用。

属类：化学及生命科学-化学-

The prevalence of type 2 diabetes for the people over the age of 18 years old in China was 2.6%, and the prevalence of impaired fasting plasma glucose was 1.9%.

我国18岁及以上居民糖尿病患病率为2.6%，空腹血糖受损率为1.9%。

属类：应用文体-报告-营养调查报告

Inorganic phosphate was essential to fermentation; when the supply of phosphate was exhausted, fermentation ceased before all the glucose was used.

无机磷酸是发酵必需的，当磷酸耗尽时，葡萄糖并未用完发酵也会停止。

属类：化学及生命科学-化学-化学习题

Cellulose, starch, glycogen, and dextran are all polysaccharides of glucose , with different configurations. Pectins are composed of a galactose derivative, chitin of a glucose derivative. Connective tissues, joint fluid, and cartilage contain two-component polysaccharides, including heparin.

纤维素、淀粉、肝醣和左旋糖都是葡萄糖类的多醣，但具有不同的结构。果胶是由半乳糖变异体和葡萄糖变异体角素构成。连接组织、连接流质和软骨中便含有二元多醣，包括肝素。

属类：化学及生命科学-化学-

Cellulose Complex carbohydrate (polysaccharide)consisting of 1,000-3,000 or more glucose units in a linear chain structure that can pack into fibres of great tensile strength. The basic structural component of plant cell walls, cellulose is the most abundant of all naturally occurring organic compounds (90% of cotton and 50% of wood).

纤维素:一种复杂的多醣，由三千个或更多的葡萄糖分子组成。是自然界分布最广的有机化合物，植物细胞壁的基本结构成分，平均约占全部植物质料的33%(棉花占90%、木材占50%)。

属类：化学及生命科学-化学-

Write balanced biochemical equations for all the reactions in the catabolism of D-glucose to two molecules of D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate. Then write the overall or net equation for the preparatory phase of glycolysis.

写出D-葡萄糖分解为D-甘油醛3-磷酸的所有平衡反应的生化方程式。然后写出酵解的准备阶段的整个净反应式。

属类：化学及生命科学-化学-化学习题

The presence of an abnormally high concentration of glucose in the blood.

血糖过多症，高血糖症血液中葡萄糖不正常的高浓度

属类：综合句库--

The anaerobic breakdown of glucose is called glycolysis

厌氧分解葡萄糖称为酵解。

属类：综合句库--

A 258 mg sample of arnylopectin treated as described above yielded 12.4 mg of 2,3-di-O-methylglucose. Determine what percentage of the glucose residues in amylopectin contain an (al-6)branch.

一258克的支链淀粉样品经上述处理后得到12.4mg的2,3-二氧-甲基葡萄糖，确定支链淀粉中含分支的葡萄糖残基的百分比。

属类：化学及生命科学-化学-化学习题

They are commonly classified as monosaccharides (simple sugars; e.g., glucose , fructose), disaccharides (2-unit sugars; e.g., sucrose, lactose), oligosaccharides (3-10 or so sugars), and polysaccharides (large molecules with up to 10,000 monosaccharide units, including cellulose, starch, and glycogen).

一般分成四类︰单醣(如葡萄糖、果糖)、双醣(如蔗糖、乳糖)、寡醣和多醣(大分子可由多达一万个单醣单位连接而成，包括纤维素、淀粉和肝醣)。

属类：化学及生命科学-化学-

The tartness of some wines is due to high concentrations of L-malate. Write a sequence of reactions showing how yeast cells synthesize L-malate from glucose under anaerobic conditions in the presence of dissolved CO2 (HCO3-).

一些酒的酸味是由于L-苹果酸的高浓度。写出反应顺序，表示酵母细胞在厌氧条件并且有溶解CO2(HCO3-)时从葡萄糖合成L-苹果酸。

属类：化学及生命科学-化学-化学习题

An actively respiring bacterial culture is briefly incubated with [l-14C]glucose , and the glycolytic and citric acid cycle intermediates are isolated. Where is the 14C in each of the intermediates listed below?

一种活跃呼吸的细菌暂时用[1-14C]葡萄糖来孵化培养，糖分解和三羧酸循环的中间产物被分离出来。在下面的各个中间产物中14C在哪个地方?

属类：化学及生命科学-化学-化学习题

A polypeptide hormone secreted by the islets of Langerhans and functioning in the regulation of the metabolism of carbohydrates and fats,especially the conversion of glucose to glycogen,which lowers the blood glucose level.

胰岛素一种胰岛分泌的多肽激素，作用于碳水化合物和脂肪新陈代谢的调节系统，特别作用于葡萄糖向降低血糖的糖原转化的过程

属类：综合句库--

Any of various simple sugars,such as glucose and fructose,that have six carbon atoms per molecule.

已糖每个分子中有六个碳原子的几种初级的单糖之一，如葡萄糖和果糖

属类：综合句库--

The dextrorotatory form of glucose ,C6H12O6?2O,found naturally in animal and plant tissue and derived synthetically from starch.

右旋糖葡萄糖的右旋形式，

属类：综合句库--

The dextrorotatory form of glucose ,C6H12O6?2O,found naturally in animal and plant tissue and derived synthetically from starch.

右旋糖葡萄糖的右旋形式，C6H12O6?2O，在动、植物组织中自然存在并可由淀粉人工合成

属类：综合句库--

It occurs in fruits, honey, syrups (especially corn syrup), and certain vegetables, usually along with its isomer glucose . Fructose and glucose are the components of the disaccharide sucrose (table sugar); hydrolysis of sucrose yields invert sugar, a 50:50 mixture of fructose and glucose. The sweetest of the common sugars, fructose is used in foods and medicines.

与葡萄糖共存于果汁、蜂蜜、糖浆(尤其是玉米糖浆)及某些蔬菜。果糖和葡萄糖均为蔗糖的组分。蔗糖水解含"转化糖"，是50:50葡萄糖和果糖混合物。果糖用于食物和药品。

属类：化学及生命科学-化学-

During a "panic flight," the game bird’s rate of glycogen breakdown is quite high, approximately 120μmole/min of glucose 1-phosphate produced per gram of fresh tissue.

在慌乱飞行中，猎鸟的糖原降解速度非常高，大约为每克鲜组织每分钟产生120μmole G1-P。

属类：化学及生命科学-化学-化学习题

In muscle tissue, the rate of conversion of glycogen to glucose 6-phosphate is determined by the ratio of phosphorylase a (active)to phosphorylase b (less active).

在肌肉组织中，糖原转化成6-磷酸葡萄糖的速率由磷酸化酶a(具活性)和磷酸化酶b(活性较低)的比例决定。

属类：化学及生命科学-化学-化学习题

The transformation of glucose to lactate in myocytes releases only about 7% of the free energy released when glucose is completely oxidized to CO2 and H2O. Does this mean that anaerobic glycolysis in muscle is a wasteful use of glucose? Explain.

在肌细胞中葡萄糖转化成乳酸仅释放出葡萄糖完全氧化成CO2和H2O的自由能的7%。解释:这是否意味着肌肉中的无氧糖酵解是对葡萄糖的浪费?

属类：化学及生命科学-化学-化学习题

In game birds, glucose 1-phosphate is formed by the breakdown of stored muscle glycogen, catalyzed by the enzyme glycogen phosphorylase.

在猎鸟体内，G1-P产生于肌糖原的降解，这是通过糖原磷酸化酶催化的。

属类：化学及生命科学-化学-化学习题

Glucose is administered intravenously as a food source in certain clinical situations. Given that the transformation of glucose to glucose 6-phosphate consumes ATP, why not administer intravenous glucose 6-phosphate instead?

在临床上静脉注射葡萄糖作为食物来源。由于葡萄糖转变为6-磷酸葡萄糖消耗ATP，为什么不用静脉注射6-磷酸葡萄糖来代替?

属类：化学及生命科学-化学-化学习题

In lactose-tolerant individuals the levels increase to a maximum in about 1 h, then decline. Explain why. The patient’s blood glucose and galactose levels do not increase during the test. Explain why.

在乳糖-耐受的个体中大概1小时后(血糖)水平达到最大，然后下降，解释为什么。而病人血浆中的葡萄糖和半乳糖水平在测试中并未升高，解释为什么。

属类：化学及生命科学-化学-化学习题

The measured ratio of [Pi] to [glucose 1-phosphate] in myocytes under physiological conditions is more than 100 to 1. Why are the equilibrium and physiological ratios different? What is the possible significance of this difference?

在生理条件下肌细胞中[Pi]和[1-磷酸葡萄糖]的比例大于100:1。为什么生理比例和平衡比例不一样?这种不同可能有什么意义?

属类：化学及生命科学-化学-化学习题

To compare the regulation of glycolysis when oxygen is plentiful and when it is depleted, consider the utilization of glucose and glycogen by rabbit leg muscle in two physiological settings

在兔肌肉中从两种生理设置上，同糖酵解的调节相比较考虑当氧气充足和耗尽时，葡萄糖和肝糖原的利用

属类：化学及生命科学-化学-化学习题