A third party who deems himself entitled to an independent request with regard to the litigant objectives of both parties has the right to start an action.

对当事人双方的诉讼标的，第三人认为有独立请求权的，有权提起诉讼。

属类：法学专业-中国法律-民事诉讼法

Where a third party is not entitled to an independent request as regards the litigant objectives in dispute

对当事人双方的诉讼标的，第三人虽然没有独立请求权

属类：法学专业-中国法律-民事诉讼法

Where the litigant starts a second action for a case in which a judgment of ruling has already become legally effective, the litigant shall be informed that the case shall be dealt with as an appeal

对判决、裁定已经发生法律效力的案件，当事人又起诉的，告知原告按照申诉处理

属类：法学专业-中国法律-民事诉讼法

Insulting, slandering, framing, beating or retaliating in revenge against a judicial officer, litigant participant, witness, translator, expert witness, inspector or assistant in execution

对司法工作人员、诉讼参加人、证人、翻译人员、鉴定人、勘验人、协助执行的人，进行侮辱、诽谤、诬陷、殴打或者打击报复的

属类：法学专业-中国法律-民事诉讼法

Where the litigants have no common rights or obligations regarding the litigant objects, the litigant acts of any of them are not binding on the others.

对诉讼标的没有共同权利义务的，其中一人的诉讼行为对其他共同诉讼人不发生效力。

属类：法学专业-中国法律-民事诉讼法

Where the legal representatives shirk the representation responsibilities among themselves, the people’s court shall appoint one of them to represent the litigant in the action.

法定代理人之间互相推诿代理责任的，由人民法院指定其中一人代为诉讼。

属类：法学专业-中国法律-民事诉讼法

The court record shall be read aloud before the court, or the court may inform the litigants and other litigant participants to peruse the record there and then or within five days.

法庭笔录应当当庭宣读，也可以告知当事人和其他诉讼参与人当庭或者在五日内阅读。

属类：法学专业-中国法律-民事诉讼法

The court record shall be signed or sealed by the litigants and other litigant participants, if anyone of them refuses to do so, it shall be marked and put into the files.

法庭笔录由当事人和其他诉讼参与人签名或者盖章。拒绝签名盖章的，记明情况附卷。

属类：法学专业-中国法律-民事诉讼法

Inform the litigants of their litigant rights and obligations, and inquire whether they wish to apply for withdrawal.

告知当事人有关的诉讼权利义务，询问当事人是否提出回避申请。

属类：法学专业-中国法律-民事诉讼法

The litigant shall be informed to make the arbitration request

告知原告向仲裁机构申请仲裁

属类：法学专业-中国法律-民事诉讼法

Where the litigants of one party in a joinder have common rights and obligations regarding the litigant objects, the litigant acts of one of them are binding on the others if the latter recognize the acts

共同诉讼的一方当事人对诉讼标的有共同权利义务的，其中一人的诉讼行为经其他共同诉讼人承认，对其他共同诉讼的发生效力

属类：法学专业-中国法律-民事诉讼法

Before the hearing, the recording clerk shall ascertain whether the litigants and other litigant participants are present, and announce the discipline of the court.

开庭审理前，书记员应当查明当事人和其他诉讼参与人是否到庭，宣布法庭纪律。

属类：法学专业-中国法律-民事诉讼法

The inspector shall prepare a written record of the inspection and its results, which shall be signed or sealed by the inspector, the litigant and the invited participants.

勘验人应当将勘验情况和结果制作笔录，由勘验人、当事人和被邀参加人签名或者盖章。

属类：法学专业-中国法律-民事诉讼法

In inspecting material evidence or the scene, the inspector must produce the document of the people’s court and invite the local basic organization or the litigant ’s unit to send people to take part.

勘验物证或者现场，勘验人必须出示人民法院的证件，并邀请当地基层组织或者当事人所在单位派人参加。

属类：法学专业-中国法律-民事诉讼法

Where the litigant of one party dies in a divorce case, and

离婚案件一方当事人死亡的

属类：法学专业-中国法律-民事诉讼法

The parties involved in divorce cases shall appear before the court, except those incapable of expressing themselves, even though there are litigant representatives

离婚案件有诉讼代理人的，本人除不能表达意志的以外，仍应出庭

属类：法学专业-中国法律-民事诉讼法

Lawyers, close relatives of the litigants, persons recommended by social organizations or the units where the litigants work, or other citizens approved by the people’s court may be entrusted as litigant representatives.

律师、当事人的近亲属、有关的社会团体或者所在单位推荐的人、经人民法院许可的其他公民，都可以被委托为诉讼代理人。

属类：法学专业-中国法律-民事诉讼法

In civil proceedings, the litigants shall have equal litigant rights.

民事诉讼当事人有平等的诉讼权利。

属类：法学专业-中国法律-民事诉讼法

The period does not include the time of travel. Litigant documents which have been collected by the post office prior to the expiration of the period are not deemed to be overdue.

期间不包括在途时间，诉讼文书在期满前交邮的，不算过期。

属类：法学专业-中国法律-民事诉讼法

In starting an action, the litigant shall present a written indictment to the people’s court with copies matching the number of the defendants.

起诉应当向人民法院递交起诉状，并按照被告人数提出副本。

属类：法学专业-中国法律-民事诉讼法

The people’s court shall examine the statement of a litigant in the light of the other evidence in the case and determine whether it can serve as the basis of establishment of a fact.

人民法院对当事人的陈述，应当结合本案的其他证据，审查确定能否作为认定事实的根据。

属类：法学专业-中国法律-民事诉讼法

A people’s court shall make a verbal or written decision on a litigant ’s application for withdrawal within three days of filing the application.

人民法院对当事人提出的回避申请，应当在申请提出的三日内，以口头或者书面形式作出决定。

属类：法学专业-中国法律-民事诉讼法

In the following cases, the people’s court may make a ruling for prior execution in accordance with the litigant ’s request

人民法院对下列案件，根据当事人的申请，可以裁定先予执行

属类：法学专业-中国法律-民事诉讼法

For cases in which the act of the litigant of one party or the other makes it impossible or hard to execute the judgment, the people’s court may rule for custody of property upon the application of the adverse litigant

人民法院对于可能因当事人一方的行为或者其他原因，使判决不能执行或者难以执行的案件，可以根据对方当事人的申请，作出财产保全的裁定

属类：法学专业-中国法律-民事诉讼法

Upon accepting the litigant ’s request for custody of property, the people’s court must, in urgent cases, make a ruling within 48 hours. a

人民法院接受申请后，对情况紧急的，必须在四十八小时内作出裁定，。

属类：法学专业-中国法律-民事诉讼法

The people’s court may issue a public notice explaining the case and litigant request and notifying those who have the right to join the litigation to register with the people’s court within a prescribed period.

人民法院可以发出公告，说明案件情况和诉讼请求，通知权利人在一定期间向人民法院登记。

属类：法学专业-中国法律-民事诉讼法

A third party who is ordered to accept civil responsibility by the people’s court has the rights and obligations of a litigant .

人民法院判决承担民事责任的第三人，有当事人的诉讼权利义务。

属类：法学专业-中国法律-民事诉讼法

In handling a civil case, the People’s Court shall ensure and make it convenient for the litigants to exercise their litigant rights, in the application of the law, the litigants are deemed as equals.

人民法院审理民事案件，应当保障和便利当事人行使诉讼权利，对当事人在适用法律上一律平等。

属类：法学专业-中国法律-民事诉讼法

In civil proceedings, the people’s court shall notify the litigants and other litigant participants three days before the hearing.

人民法院审理民事案件，应当在开庭三日前通知当事人和其他诉讼参与人。

属类：法学专业-中国法律-民事诉讼法

When the People’s Court is hearing a civil case, the litigant has the right of debate.

人民法院审理民事案件时，当事人有权进行辩论。

属类：法学专业-中国法律-民事诉讼法